NidesTheory of Translation

NidesTheory of Translation:

Firstly ,Nide criticized Schleiermacher'sTheory of Translation That Theme  no Translatable Texts and untranslatable texts  instead, he made his studies in dynamic and formal equivalence

The major contribution of Nida is the functional definition of meaning .his said that there is no fixed meaning as every word could vary in meaning according to its context and how meaning of the word could vary in meaning would vary from context to another and how the meaning of the word could have a connotation

He didn’t talk  literal meaning and there aren’t untranslatable words  but the word can be translated by putting it in a particular context in a certain culture concept of Equivalence According to Nada's study:-  According to Naidas study ,we have two forms of Equivalence, formal Equivalence and dynamic equivalence

Formal equivalence :-

Literal translation, a word for word translation. In formal equivalence the focus of the translator is being in the form syntactic structure and syntactic sequence. In formal equivalence the translator makes an original imitation to the source text.

So, formal equivalence means translating the meaning of individual words in their syntactic sequence, style and form.

Ex:- shall I compare thee to a summers day

        The news warmed my heart

While translating these two sentences we couldn’t use formal equivalence, but use dynamic effect.

In translating such sentences, we should be aware of the culture of the poet in shall I compare thee to a summers day

That describes his lover as a summer day in his culture it would be turned to dispraise. We should keep in mind the author message.

Dynamic equivalence ;-

The term dynamic equivalence has been fundamentally understood as sense for sense translation or translating the meaning of phrases or whole sentences. Dynamic equivalence depends on what Nida called Equivalence effect. The idea of the equivalent effect is that should translate so that the effect of the source text on the source reader.

         

          Nida focused on the reader oriented approach. That we have apurpose for translation . we should respect the expectations of the reader,and my my language should be as natural as possible.

          Nida said that there is acultural gaps between the writer and the new target reader , so he decided to take the auther to the taget reader in order to overcome this culural gap between them, by providing the reader with explanation of footnotes like "gloss translation"

           Ex "have you tried the apple" we can write apple recipe at the end of the page.

We can explain what is that or what it does. Thes notes should be decreased and we should try to define the nearest equuivalent.

          In the case of "dynamic equivalence" we should make all the best and make every changes to make the target text as natural as possible. Sothat the reader can think that the text is written in his origunal language.

          We can make adaptation or modification by making such changes with the source text. By doing so, we are introducing the source text but by or with natural flavor put in it.

Ex:-

        We used dynamic equivalence when we present the Egyption copy of the play My Fair Leady  as we changed the characters names into Arabic names, the theme, culture and context adaptation so, we have agood example for dynamic equivalence.

                                                                                                                           

Qualities of good translation according to Nida:-

-it should make sense

-it should convey the style and spirit of the original text

-the language should be natural and easy

-it should produce equivalent effect